Projects Overview

A study of abandonment as capital strategy, not urban failure.

Model of Abandonment examines how infrastructural decay functions as an intentional mechanism within the life cycle of capital.
Drawing on world-systems analysis and complexity theory, the project argues that dereliction is not a breakdown of systems but a designed interval—a phase in which ownership, liability, and value are recalibrated.
Disinvestment, remediation, and revaluation operate as recursive processes: public institutions absorb loss, private capital returns through renewal.

The work distinguishes between civil engineering, which manages material degradation, and civic engineering, which governs its visibility through policy and finance.
Together they form the operational logic of abandonment: a controlled oscillation between neglect and reinvestment.

This is not the story of decline, but of systemic choreography—how infrastructure learns to profit from its own collapse.

A study of education and play as interconnected infrastructures, and AI as civic intelligence.

IRL PLAYground unites the classroom and the toybox into one adaptive ecosystem — transforming both into interfaces within a global network of learning, production, and care.
Developed as part of the IRL PLAYground ecosystem, the project positions AI not as automation, but as ambient infrastructure that links schools, homes, and industries of play through shared systems of feedback and adaptation.

Presented across pilot classrooms in the UK and Southeast Asia and at the Hong Kong Toy Fair 2025, the initiative demonstrated how learning environments and play materials can co-exist within a single digital-physical framework — one where teachers, students, and objects all participate in loops of intelligence.

By combining pedagogical design, photogrammetry, metadata architecture, and adaptive AI, IRL PLAYground shows how both lessons and toys can act as nodes of intelligence — generating insight, coordination, and care at every scale.
The platform enables classrooms to learn from themselves, and toys to become data-rich artifacts that feed educational systems with new ways of seeing, making, and teaching.

It reframes both the school and the trade fair as living simulations of a broader civic infrastructure — prototypes of a future where design, data, and meaning continuously co-evolve.
Education and industry merge into a single feedback system: one that learns, iterates, and distributes intelligence ethically across people, materials, and institutions.

This is not the story of automation or products, but of systems that play back — infrastructures that learn how to care.

A study of growth as infrastructure, and materials as living intelligence.

Bio Toys explores how mycelium composites—materials cultivated from fungal networks—can replace synthetic plastics in toy and playground design.
Developed with Magical Mycelium Company, the research treats biofabrication as a systemic process, where materials grow, decompose, and regenerate within their own ecological cycles.

By aligning biological fabrication with industrial safety standards, the project demonstrates that organic materials can achieve durability and safety without sacrificing biodegradability.
Through testing, certification, and lifecycle mapping, Bio Toys establishes a new framework for circular play systems—where every object participates in the metabolism of its own renewal.

The result is a model for regenerative design that measures success not by permanence, but by return, reuse, and ecological precision.

An industrial landscape that behaves like an ecosystem.

A Brewery Within a Hill integrates brewing, forestry, and reforestation into a single adaptive architecture — a system where production and ecology operate as one.
Built into a forested slope in South Korea, the brewery functions as an apparatus for material flow, climate regulation, and social gathering, turning the hillside itself into an active collaborator.

A modular grid aligns with grain logistics and environmental rhythms, while porous brickwork filters light, balances humidity, and invites moss and lichen growth — merging craft and biology into a single climatic device.
Every component is reversible and reusable, forming an infrastructure that can expand, contract, or regenerate with the land.

The project proposes a new kind of industrial architecture — one that produces without extraction, builds without dominance, and operates as a living feedback system between ecology, economy, and care.